Phytochemical Analysis and <i>In-Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of <i>Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)</i>

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar; Maryam Nasidi Nuhu; Jamilu Alhaji Aminu; Hadiza Abdullahi Usman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Maryam Nasidi Nuhu, Jamilu Alhaji Aminu, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman

Published in Plant (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 8 June 2018 Accepted: 7 August 2018 Published: 15 September 2018

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Abstract

Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.

Published in	Plant (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
Page(s)	49-52
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antibacterial, Calligonum polygonoide, Methanol, Extract, E. coli, S. aureus

References

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[2]	Akunyili DN. The role of regulation of medicinal plants and phytomedicine in socio-economic development, AGM/SC of the Nigerian Society of Pharmacognosy. 13., 2003; 1-7.
[3]	Bhandari M. M. (1978). Flora of the Indian Desert (Scientific Publishers) Jodhpur 331-332.
[4]	Katewa SS and Galav PK (2005). Traditional herbal medicines from Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 4 237-245.
[5]	Singh UR, Wadhwani AM and Johri BM (1996). Dictionary of Economic Plants in India. ICAR, New Delhi 37 and 60.
[6]	Kumar S, Praveen F, Goyal S and Chauhan A (2008). Indigenous herbal coolents for combating heat stress in the hot Indian Arid Zone. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 7 679-682.
[7]	Mohil P (2013). Depleting diversity of Calligonum polygonoides L. with their importance in the arid region of India. Environmental Consciousness and Human Perceptions (Lambert Academic Publishing) 90-96.
[8]	Yawer MA, Ahmed E, Malik A, Ashraf M, Rasool MA and Afza N (2007). New lipoxygenase inhibiting constituents from Calligonum polygonoides. Chemistry & Biodiversity 7 1578-1585.
[9]	Bewal S, Sharma SK, Parida A, Shivam S, Rao SR and Kumar A (2009). Utilization of RAPD analyze natural genetic variation in Calligonum polygonoides L. - A Keystone species of Indian Desert. International Journal of Integrative Biology 5 148-151.
[10]	Singhi M and Joshi R (2010). Famine food of arid Rajasthan: utilization, perceptions and need to integrate social practices by bio-resolutions. EthnoMed 4 121-124.
[11]	Singh V and Pandey RR (1998). Ethenobotany of Rajasthan, India 4, 64, 80, 237 and 270.
[12]	Samejo MQ, Memon S, Bhanger MI and Khan KM (2012). Chemical composition of essential oil from Calligonum polygonoides Linn. Natural Product Research 27 619-623.
[13]	Samejo MQ, Memon S, Bhanger MI and Khan KM (2011). Preliminary phytochemical screening of Calligonum polygonoides Linn. Journal of Pharmacy Research 4 4402-4403.
[14]	Wendakoon C, Calderon P, Gagnon D 2012. Evaluation of selected medicinal plants extracted in different ethanol concentrations for antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants 1(2).
[15]	Harborne JB, Baxter H. The handbook of natural flavonoids, Volume 1 and 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
[16]	Dalal H. M. In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Calligonum comosum Plant Against four Human Pathogens in Saudi Arabia Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nora Bint Abdul-Rahman University, Postal Code 11474, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. October 2013.
[17]	M. Q. Samejo, S. Memon, M. I. Bhanger, K. M. Khan, Nat. Prod. Res. 2013, 27, 619–623.
[18]	M. Q. Samejo, S. Memon, M. I. Bhanger, K. M. Khan, Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 45, 293 –295.
[19]	M. Q. Samejo, S. Memon, M. I. Bhanger, K. M. Khan, J. Pharm. Res. 2013, 6, 346–349.
[20]	M. Okasaka, Y. Takaishi, K. Kogure, K. Fukuzawa, H. Shibata, T. Higuti, G. Honda, M. Ito, O. K. Kodzhimatov, O. Ashurmetov, J. Nat. Prod. 2004, 67, 1044–1046.

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Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Maryam Nasidi Nuhu, Jamilu Alhaji Aminu, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant, 6(2), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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ACS Style

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar; Maryam Nasidi Nuhu; Jamilu Alhaji Aminu; Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant. 2018, 6(2), 49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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AMA Style

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Maryam Nasidi Nuhu, Jamilu Alhaji Aminu, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant. 2018;6(2):49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15,
  author = {Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar and Maryam Nasidi Nuhu and Jamilu Alhaji Aminu and Hadiza Abdullahi Usman},
  title = {Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20180602.15},
  abstract = {Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)
AU  - Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar
AU  - Maryam Nasidi Nuhu
AU  - Jamilu Alhaji Aminu
AU  - Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
Y1  - 2018/09/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
AB  - Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar

Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso, Nigeria
Maryam Nasidi Nuhu

Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso, Nigeria
Jamilu Alhaji Aminu

Department of Chemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
Hadiza Abdullahi Usman

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria

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Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Maryam Nasidi Nuhu, Jamilu Alhaji Aminu, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant, 6(2), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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ACS Style

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar; Maryam Nasidi Nuhu; Jamilu Alhaji Aminu; Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant. 2018, 6(2), 49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

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AMA Style

Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Maryam Nasidi Nuhu, Jamilu Alhaji Aminu, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog). Plant. 2018;6(2):49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15,
  author = {Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar and Maryam Nasidi Nuhu and Jamilu Alhaji Aminu and Hadiza Abdullahi Usman},
  title = {Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20180602.15},
  abstract = {Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)
AU  - Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar
AU  - Maryam Nasidi Nuhu
AU  - Jamilu Alhaji Aminu
AU  - Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
Y1  - 2018/09/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180602.15
AB  - Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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