Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory

Mariam Elizbarashvili; Elizbar Elizbarashvili; Nato Kutaladze; Shalva Elizbarashvili; Roman Maisuradze; Tea Eradze; Neli Jamaspashvili; Nano Gogia

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory

Mariam Elizbarashvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Nato Kutaladze, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Roman Maisuradze, Tea Eradze, Neli Jamaspashvili, Nano Gogia

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5-1)

Received: 17 May 2017 Accepted: 18 May 2017 Published: 11 July 2017

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Abstract

Based on the materials of observation of 50 meteorological stations of Georgia for the period between 1936-2013, research has been made of geography, structure, intensity, duration and dynamics of tropical nights on the Georgian territory. Nights are considered tropical if minimum air temperature is above 20°C (TR20). Tropical nights are most widespread in the intermountain trough – Kolkheti lowland, the plains of Central and Lower Kartli, Alazani valley, where the average number of tropical nights during one year reaches 35. With the growth of altitude, the number of tropical nights naturally decreases, and on the height of 1000m there are no tropical nights detected. As a result of global warming the increase in the number of tropical nights has been most notable on the Black Sea coast and in the region of the nearby Kolkheti lowland (4-6 days per decade). In the internal regions of the lowland and in the Eastern Georgia the rate of change decreases. On the Black Sea coast tropical nights start in April and last until October. They are most intense in July and August, exceeding 27°C. On the Kolkheti Lowland tropical nights start in March and last until November. Here they are more intense (27-30°C, June-July). In the Eastern Georgia the duration of tropical nights decreases. In Kartli they last from May until September, whereas in Kakheti they last from June until September. Maximum intensity of tropical is nights peaks in July or August, when it comprises 24-26.5°C. The intensity of tropical nights has increased by 0.1-0.3°C per decade.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenge for Geography: Landscape Dimensions of Sustainable Development
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14
Page(s)	23-30
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tropical Night, Recurrence, Decadal Trend Rate, Coefficient of Determination, Intensity

References

[1]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, “Reaction of Some Types of Landscapes of Transcaucasia to the Global Warming”, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Geograficheskaya №5, 2002a, pp. 52-56. (In Russian).
[2]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, “Estimation of probability of deserting of steppe and semi-desert landscapes on the basis of the concept of the periodic law of geographical zonality”, Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, No 11, 2002b, pp. 44-48, b. (In Russian).
[3]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, “Potential Transformation of the Caucasus Natural Landscapes due to Global Warming”, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, Number 10, 2005, pp. 40-53. (In Russian).
[4]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, “Main problems of Landscape Climatology”, Tbilisi, Zeoni 118p. 2006 (Russian).
[5]	E. Sh. Elizbarashvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, N. B. Kutaladze, I. Keggenhoff, B. M. Kikvadze, N. M. Gogiya, “Geography and dynamics of some temperature indices for assessing the climate change in Georgia”, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, Vol. 40, No 1, 2015, pp. 39-45.
[6]	M. Elizbarashvili, E. Elizbarashvili, M. Tatishvili, R. Meskhia, “Climate change tendencies under global warming conditions in Georgia”, 12-th International multidisciplinary scientific GeoConference. SGEM2012, Conference Proceedings, vol.4. 2012., pp. 293-298.
[7]	E. Sh. Elizbarashvili, N. B. Kutaladze, I. Keggenhoff, M. E. Elizbarashvili, B. M. Kikvadze, N. M. Gogia, “Climate Indices for the Moistening Regimen in the Territory of Georgia amidst Global Warming”, European Researcher, Vol.(66), № 1-1, 2014, pp.102-107.
[8]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, S. G. Khorava, Kh. K. Chichileishvili, “The Peculiarities of Climate Changes in a Coastal Zone of the Black Sea in Adjara”. European Geographical Studies. Vol. (6), Is. 2, 2015, pp. 75-82.
[9]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, R. Sh. Meskhia, M. E. Elizbarashvili, “Modern Climate Changes of the West Trans-Caucasus Region”, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Geograficheskaya, №4, 2005, pp. 35-38. (In Russian).
[10]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, R. Sh. Meskhia, M. E. Elizbarashvili, L. D. Megrelidze and V. E. Gorgisheli, “Frequency of occurrence and dynamics of droughts in Eastern Georgia in the 20th century”, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume 34, No 6, 2009 a, pp. 401-405.
[11]	E. SH. Elizbarashvili, R. Sh. Meskhia, M. E. Elizbarashvili, L. D. Megrelidze, “Climate dynamics of glaciers of the Greater Caucasus for the 20th century”, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume 34, No. 12, 2009 b, pp. 838-842.
[12]	E. Sh. Elizbarashvili, K. A. Tavartkiladze, A. G. Khantadze et al. “Current changes of Climate of Georgia”, Caucasus Geographical Journal, No1, 2002, pp.35-37. (In Russian).
[13]	E. Sh. Elizbarashvili, M. R. Tatishvili, M. E. Elizbarashvili, Sh. E. Elizbarashvili, R. Sh. Meskhiya, “Air temperature trends in Georgia under global warming conditions”, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume 38, No 4, 2013, pp 234-238.
[14]	I. Keggenhoff, M. Elizbarashvili, A. Amiri-Farahani, L. King, “Trends in daily temperature and precipitation extremes over Georgia, 1971–2010”, Weather and Climate Extremes, Volume 4, 2014, pp. 75–85.
[15]	I. Keggenhoff, M. Elizbarashvili, L. King, “Recent changes in Georgia's temperature means and extremes: Annual and seasonal trends between 1961 and 2010”, Weather and Climate Extremes, Volume 8, 2015, pp. 34–45.
[16]	T. C. Peterson, “Climate Change Indices”, WMO Bulletin, 54 (2), 2005, pp.83-86.

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APA Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Nato Kutaladze, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Roman Maisuradze, et al. (2017). Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sciences, 6(5-1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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ACS Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili; Elizbar Elizbarashvili; Nato Kutaladze; Shalva Elizbarashvili; Roman Maisuradze, et al. Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sci. 2017, 6(5-1), 23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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AMA Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Nato Kutaladze, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Roman Maisuradze, et al. Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sci. 2017;6(5-1):23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14,
  author = {Mariam Elizbarashvili and Elizbar Elizbarashvili and Nato Kutaladze and Shalva Elizbarashvili and Roman Maisuradze and Tea Eradze and Neli Jamaspashvili and Nano Gogia},
  title = {Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {23-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  abstract = {Based on the materials of observation of 50 meteorological stations of Georgia for the period between 1936-2013, research has been made of geography, structure, intensity, duration and dynamics of tropical nights on the Georgian territory. Nights are considered tropical if minimum air temperature is above 20°C (TR20). Tropical nights are most widespread in the intermountain trough – Kolkheti lowland, the plains of Central and Lower Kartli, Alazani valley, where the average number of tropical nights during one year reaches 35. With the growth of altitude, the number of tropical nights naturally decreases, and on the height of 1000m there are no tropical nights detected. As a result of global warming the increase in the number of tropical nights has been most notable on the Black Sea coast and in the region of the nearby Kolkheti lowland (4-6 days per decade). In the internal regions of the lowland and in the Eastern Georgia the rate of change decreases. On the Black Sea coast tropical nights start in April and last until October. They are most intense in July and August, exceeding 27°C. On the Kolkheti Lowland tropical nights start in March and last until November. Here they are more intense (27-30°C, June-July). In the Eastern Georgia the duration of tropical nights decreases. In Kartli they last from May until September, whereas in Kakheti they last from June until September. Maximum intensity of tropical is nights peaks in July or August, when it comprises 24-26.5°C. The intensity of tropical nights has increased by 0.1-0.3°C per decade.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory
AU - Mariam Elizbarashvili
AU - Elizbar Elizbarashvili
AU - Nato Kutaladze
AU - Shalva Elizbarashvili
AU - Roman Maisuradze
AU - Tea Eradze
AU - Neli Jamaspashvili
AU - Nano Gogia
Y1 - 2017/07/11
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14
DO - 10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14
T2 - Earth Sciences
JF - Earth Sciences
JO - Earth Sciences
SP - 23
EP - 30
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14
AB - Based on the materials of observation of 50 meteorological stations of Georgia for the period between 1936-2013, research has been made of geography, structure, intensity, duration and dynamics of tropical nights on the Georgian territory. Nights are considered tropical if minimum air temperature is above 20°C (TR20). Tropical nights are most widespread in the intermountain trough – Kolkheti lowland, the plains of Central and Lower Kartli, Alazani valley, where the average number of tropical nights during one year reaches 35. With the growth of altitude, the number of tropical nights naturally decreases, and on the height of 1000m there are no tropical nights detected. As a result of global warming the increase in the number of tropical nights has been most notable on the Black Sea coast and in the region of the nearby Kolkheti lowland (4-6 days per decade). In the internal regions of the lowland and in the Eastern Georgia the rate of change decreases. On the Black Sea coast tropical nights start in April and last until October. They are most intense in July and August, exceeding 27°C. On the Kolkheti Lowland tropical nights start in March and last until November. Here they are more intense (27-30°C, June-July). In the Eastern Georgia the duration of tropical nights decreases. In Kartli they last from May until September, whereas in Kakheti they last from June until September. Maximum intensity of tropical is nights peaks in July or August, when it comprises 24-26.5°C. The intensity of tropical nights has increased by 0.1-0.3°C per decade.
VL - 6
IS - 5-1
ER -

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Author Information

Mariam Elizbarashvili

Geography Department, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Elizbar Elizbarashvili

Climatology and Agrometeorology Department, Institute of Hydrometeorology at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Nato Kutaladze

Hydrometeorological Forecast Models Adaptation and Implementation, Administration of Hydrometerological Department, LEPL National Environmental Agency, The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Shalva Elizbarashvili

Climatology and Agrometeorology Department, Institute of Hydrometeorology at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Roman Maisuradze

Geography Department, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Tea Eradze

Geography Department, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Neli Jamaspashvili

Geography Department, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Nano Gogia

Geography Department, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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APA Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Nato Kutaladze, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Roman Maisuradze, et al. (2017). Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sciences, 6(5-1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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ACS Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili; Elizbar Elizbarashvili; Nato Kutaladze; Shalva Elizbarashvili; Roman Maisuradze, et al. Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sci. 2017, 6(5-1), 23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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AMA Style

Mariam Elizbarashvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Nato Kutaladze, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Roman Maisuradze, et al. Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory. Earth Sci. 2017;6(5-1):23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14,
  author = {Mariam Elizbarashvili and Elizbar Elizbarashvili and Nato Kutaladze and Shalva Elizbarashvili and Roman Maisuradze and Tea Eradze and Neli Jamaspashvili and Nano Gogia},
  title = {Climatology and Historical Trends in Tropical Nights over the Georgian Territory},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {23-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2017060501.14},
  abstract = {Based on the materials of observation of 50 meteorological stations of Georgia for the period between 1936-2013, research has been made of geography, structure, intensity, duration and dynamics of tropical nights on the Georgian territory. Nights are considered tropical if minimum air temperature is above 20°C (TR20). Tropical nights are most widespread in the intermountain trough – Kolkheti lowland, the plains of Central and Lower Kartli, Alazani valley, where the average number of tropical nights during one year reaches 35. With the growth of altitude, the number of tropical nights naturally decreases, and on the height of 1000m there are no tropical nights detected. As a result of global warming the increase in the number of tropical nights has been most notable on the Black Sea coast and in the region of the nearby Kolkheti lowland (4-6 days per decade). In the internal regions of the lowland and in the Eastern Georgia the rate of change decreases. On the Black Sea coast tropical nights start in April and last until October. They are most intense in July and August, exceeding 27°C. On the Kolkheti Lowland tropical nights start in March and last until November. Here they are more intense (27-30°C, June-July). In the Eastern Georgia the duration of tropical nights decreases. In Kartli they last from May until September, whereas in Kakheti they last from June until September. Maximum intensity of tropical is nights peaks in July or August, when it comprises 24-26.5°C. The intensity of tropical nights has increased by 0.1-0.3°C per decade.},
 year = {2017}
}

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