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Psychopathology and Operational Definition of Signs and Symptoms in Present Forensic Psychiatry: A Second Look

Received: 13 June 2021    Accepted: 26 June 2021    Published: 24 November 2021
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Abstract

Jaspers regarded a delusion as a perverted view of reality that is incorrigibly held. According to him, delusions have three components: They are held with unusual conviction, and are not amenable to logic; meanwhile the absurdity or erroneousness of their content is manifest to other people. While Norman Cameron’s pseudo-community, a supposed community of conspirators, was a historical description about conditions that favor the development of delusional disorders, modern technology and advancement of new communicative tools, like smart phone, hidden camera, satellite, internet, stealthy or scheming tricks and setups, like double-crossing and masquerading scenarios, stressful circumstances, furtive or hectic arrangements, creating a scene to deceive, hack, or tampering, have brought about an increasing possibility of conspiracy by prejudiced or inimical people, which may amplify the conceivable diagnostic faults by more curbing of examiner’s vigilance. On the other hand, it is the duty of forensic and clinical psychiatrist to discover any kind of deceptive entrapment or simulation. In the present article, such eccentricities, which may have come about in new time, have been discussed briefly, especially with respect to Paranoia and Paranoid ideation, and some solutions for better demarcation of the pertained problems and completion of psychopathological operational definitions have been suggested, incidentally, for defending the individuals’ civil rights.

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13
Page(s) 163-169
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Forensic Psychiatry, Clinical-Legal Issues in Psychiatry, Psychopathology, Bizarre or Non-bizarre Delusion, Delusional Disorder, Frame-Up Psychosis, Fake Psychiatric Disorder, Furtive Ploys

References
[1] Sims A. Symptoms in the mind: an introduction to descriptive psychopathology. Bailiere Tindall, London, 1988.
[2] Shoja Shafti S. Frame-up Psychosis: A Dilemma in the Realm of Forensic Psychiatry. Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Care 2021; 2 (3): 1-6.
[3] Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Delusional Disorder and Shared Psychotic Disorder. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry. 11th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Wolters Kluwer; 2015: 330-336.
[4] Marneros A, Pillman F. Acute and Transient Psychoses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.
[5] Fochtmann LJ, Mojtabai R, Bromet EJ. Other psychotic disorders. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009: 1605.
[6] Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Borgwardt S, et al. Heterogeneity of psychosis risk within individuals at clinical high risk: a meta-analytical stratification. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73: 113–120.
[7] Barch DM, Bustillo J, Gaebel W, et al. Logic and justification for dimensional assessment of symptoms and related clinical phenomena in psychosis: relevance to DSM-5. Schizophr Res 2013; 150: 15–20.
[8] Smith T, Horwath E, Cournos F. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In: Cutler JS, Marcus ER, eds. Psychiatry. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010: 101.
[9] Szily E, Keri S. Delusion proneness and emotion appraisal in individuals with high psychosis vulnerability. Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 20 (2): 166-170.
[10] Freeman D, Pugh K, Vorontsova N, Antley A, Slater M. Testing the continuum of delusional beliefs: An experimental study using virtual reality. J Abnorm Psychiatry 2010; 1 19: 83.
[11] Mishara AL, Fusar-Poli P. The phenomenology and neurobiology of delusion formation during psychosis onset: Jaspers, Truman symptoms, and aberrant salience. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2013; 39 (2): 278-286.
[12] Tondo L, Vázquez GH, Baethge C, et al. Comparison of psychotic bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia: an international, multisite study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133: 34–43.
[13] Nykiel SA, Baldessarini RJ, Bower MC, Goodwin J, Salvatore P. Psychosis NOS: search for diagnostic clarity. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2008; 16: 55.
[14] Kendler KS. Demography of paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39: 890.
[15] Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Bonoldi I, et al. Prognosis of brief psychotic episodes: a metaanalysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73: 211–220.
[16] Mojtabai R, Fochtmann L, Bromet EJ. Other Psychotic Disorders. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017: 1582–1587.
[17] Fennig S, Craig TJ, Bromet EJ. The consistency of DSM-III-R delusional disorder in a first admission sample. Psychopathology 1996; 29: 315.
[18] Shoja Shafti S. SET-UP MADNESS: A REVIEW. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2021; 22 (2): 1-8.
[19] Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
[20] World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
[21] Shoja Shafti S. Diagnostic Review of an Important Criminal Dilemma: Entrapment Madness. Annals of Clinical Cases. 2021; 2 (2): 37-41.
[22] Watson C, Eth S, Leong GB. Clinical-Legal Issues in Psychiatry. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2017: 4427-4439.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Saeed Shoja Shafti. (2021). Psychopathology and Operational Definition of Signs and Symptoms in Present Forensic Psychiatry: A Second Look. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 9(4), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13

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    ACS Style

    Saeed Shoja Shafti. Psychopathology and Operational Definition of Signs and Symptoms in Present Forensic Psychiatry: A Second Look. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2021, 9(4), 163-169. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13

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    AMA Style

    Saeed Shoja Shafti. Psychopathology and Operational Definition of Signs and Symptoms in Present Forensic Psychiatry: A Second Look. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2021;9(4):163-169. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13,
      author = {Saeed Shoja Shafti},
      title = {Psychopathology and Operational Definition of Signs and Symptoms in Present Forensic Psychiatry: A Second Look},
      journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {163-169},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20210904.13},
      abstract = {Jaspers regarded a delusion as a perverted view of reality that is incorrigibly held. According to him, delusions have three components: They are held with unusual conviction, and are not amenable to logic; meanwhile the absurdity or erroneousness of their content is manifest to other people. While Norman Cameron’s pseudo-community, a supposed community of conspirators, was a historical description about conditions that favor the development of delusional disorders, modern technology and advancement of new communicative tools, like smart phone, hidden camera, satellite, internet, stealthy or scheming tricks and setups, like double-crossing and masquerading scenarios, stressful circumstances, furtive or hectic arrangements, creating a scene to deceive, hack, or tampering, have brought about an increasing possibility of conspiracy by prejudiced or inimical people, which may amplify the conceivable diagnostic faults by more curbing of examiner’s vigilance. On the other hand, it is the duty of forensic and clinical psychiatrist to discover any kind of deceptive entrapment or simulation. In the present article, such eccentricities, which may have come about in new time, have been discussed briefly, especially with respect to Paranoia and Paranoid ideation, and some solutions for better demarcation of the pertained problems and completion of psychopathological operational definitions have been suggested, incidentally, for defending the individuals’ civil rights.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AB  - Jaspers regarded a delusion as a perverted view of reality that is incorrigibly held. According to him, delusions have three components: They are held with unusual conviction, and are not amenable to logic; meanwhile the absurdity or erroneousness of their content is manifest to other people. While Norman Cameron’s pseudo-community, a supposed community of conspirators, was a historical description about conditions that favor the development of delusional disorders, modern technology and advancement of new communicative tools, like smart phone, hidden camera, satellite, internet, stealthy or scheming tricks and setups, like double-crossing and masquerading scenarios, stressful circumstances, furtive or hectic arrangements, creating a scene to deceive, hack, or tampering, have brought about an increasing possibility of conspiracy by prejudiced or inimical people, which may amplify the conceivable diagnostic faults by more curbing of examiner’s vigilance. On the other hand, it is the duty of forensic and clinical psychiatrist to discover any kind of deceptive entrapment or simulation. In the present article, such eccentricities, which may have come about in new time, have been discussed briefly, especially with respect to Paranoia and Paranoid ideation, and some solutions for better demarcation of the pertained problems and completion of psychopathological operational definitions have been suggested, incidentally, for defending the individuals’ civil rights.
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Author Information
  • University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran

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