Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs

Felicia Ngozi Okoh; Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro; Joy Ihuoma Nzei; Ikem Chris Okoye; Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs

Felicia Ngozi Okoh, Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Ikem Chris Okoye, Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 6 May 2017 Accepted: 18 May 2017 Published: 7 July 2017

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Abstract

A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r²). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
Page(s)	97-102
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Guinea Pig, Pyrethriod Insecticide, Physiological Similarities, Malaria Control

References

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[9]	Okoh, F. N., Odikamnoro, O. O., Uhuo, C. A., Okereke, C. N., Azi, S. O. and Ogidi, E. D. (2014). Epidemiology of malaria among children aged 1 to 15 years in South East Nigeria. Jounal of Public Health and Epidemiolgy. Academic Journals, volume 6(11): 390-397.
[10]	Scollard, D. M., Adams, L. B., Gillis, T., Krahenbuhl, J. L., Truman, R. W., and Williams, D. L. (2006). “The continuing challenges of leprosy”. Clinical Microbiology Review, 19(2): 338-81 http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi.
[11]	Trull, F. L, Rich, B. A. (1999). More Regulation of Rodents Science. PubMed 284 (5419): 1463.
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[13]	Walgate, R. (1981). “Armadillos fish leprosy”. Nature, 291(5816): 527 http://www.nebi.nih.gov/pubmed/7242665.
[14]	Windholz, G. (1987). “Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal” Pavlov Journal of Biological Science, 22(3): 103-112. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
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APA Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh, Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Ikem Chris Okoye, Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. (2017). Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. American Journal of Life Sciences, 5(4), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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ACS Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh; Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro; Joy Ihuoma Nzei; Ikem Chris Okoye; Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. Am. J. Life Sci. 2017, 5(4), 97-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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AMA Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh, Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Ikem Chris Okoye, Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. Am J Life Sci. 2017;5(4):97-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11,
  author = {Felicia Ngozi Okoh and Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro and Joy Ihuoma Nzei and Ikem Chris Okoye and Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor},
  title = {Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {97-102},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20170504.11},
  abstract = {A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r2). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs
AU  - Felicia Ngozi Okoh
AU  - Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro
AU  - Joy Ihuoma Nzei
AU  - Ikem Chris Okoye
AU  - Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor
Y1  - 2017/07/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 97
EP  - 102
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
AB  - A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r2). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Felicia Ngozi Okoh

Department of Biological Sciences, Evangel University Akaeze, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro

Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Joy Ihuoma Nzei

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Ikem Chris Okoye

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh, Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Ikem Chris Okoye, Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. (2017). Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. American Journal of Life Sciences, 5(4), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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ACS Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh; Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro; Joy Ihuoma Nzei; Ikem Chris Okoye; Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. Am. J. Life Sci. 2017, 5(4), 97-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

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AMA Style

Felicia Ngozi Okoh, Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Ikem Chris Okoye, Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor. Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs. Am J Life Sci. 2017;5(4):97-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11,
  author = {Felicia Ngozi Okoh and Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro and Joy Ihuoma Nzei and Ikem Chris Okoye and Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor},
  title = {Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {97-102},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20170504.11},
  abstract = {A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r2). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs
AU  - Felicia Ngozi Okoh
AU  - Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro
AU  - Joy Ihuoma Nzei
AU  - Ikem Chris Okoye
AU  - Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor
Y1  - 2017/07/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 97
EP  - 102
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20170504.11
AB  - A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r2). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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