Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Fitra Suzanti; Retna Astuti Kuswardani; Suci Rahayu; Agus Susanto

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Fitra Suzanti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Suci Rahayu, Agus Susanto

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 22 March 2016 Accepted: 31 March 2016 Published: 20 April 2016

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Abstract

This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
Page(s)	39-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diversity, Vascular Epiphytes, Insects Canopy, Oil Palm Plantations

References

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APA Style

Fitra Suzanti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Suci Rahayu, Agus Susanto. (2016). Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(3), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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ACS Style

Fitra Suzanti; Retna Astuti Kuswardani; Suci Rahayu; Agus Susanto. Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2016, 5(3), 39-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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AMA Style

Fitra Suzanti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Suci Rahayu, Agus Susanto. Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Am J Environ Prot. 2016;5(3):39-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11,
  author = {Fitra Suzanti and Retna Astuti Kuswardani and Suci Rahayu and Agus Susanto},
  title = {Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20160503.11},
  abstract = {This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia
AU  - Fitra Suzanti
AU  - Retna Astuti Kuswardani
AU  - Suci Rahayu
AU  - Agus Susanto
Y1  - 2016/04/20
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 39
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
AB  - This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Fitra Suzanti

Biology Education Study Program, University of Riau, Riau, Indonesia
Retna Astuti Kuswardani

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
Suci Rahayu

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia
Agus Susanto

Palm Research Center of Marihat, North Sumatra, Indonesia

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APA Style

Fitra Suzanti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Suci Rahayu, Agus Susanto. (2016). Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(3), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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ACS Style

Fitra Suzanti; Retna Astuti Kuswardani; Suci Rahayu; Agus Susanto. Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2016, 5(3), 39-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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AMA Style

Fitra Suzanti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Suci Rahayu, Agus Susanto. Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Am J Environ Prot. 2016;5(3):39-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11,
  author = {Fitra Suzanti and Retna Astuti Kuswardani and Suci Rahayu and Agus Susanto},
  title = {Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20160503.11},
  abstract = {This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversity of Vascular and Insects Canopy Epiphytes on Palm Oil in North Sumatra, Indonesia
AU  - Fitra Suzanti
AU  - Retna Astuti Kuswardani
AU  - Suci Rahayu
AU  - Agus Susanto
Y1  - 2016/04/20
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 39
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.11
AB  - This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download