Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review

Adugna Bayata; Getachew Mulatu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review

Adugna Bayata^*, Getachew Mulatu

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 12, Issue 2)

Received: 1 February 2024 Accepted: 18 February 2024 Published: 20 March 2024

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Abstract

Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg^-1, 280 g Ca kg^-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg^-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg^-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 12, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11
Page(s)	13-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bone Char, Soil Microbes, Solubility, Soil Health, Phosphorus, Nutrients

References

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Bayata, A., Mulatu, G. (2024). Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 12(2), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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Bayata, A.; Mulatu, G. Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 13-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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Bayata A, Mulatu G. Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. Am J Chem Eng. 2024;12(2):13-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11,
  author = {Adugna Bayata and Getachew Mulatu},
  title = {Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20241202.11},
  abstract = {Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1, 280 g Ca kg-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review
AU  - Adugna Bayata
AU  - Getachew Mulatu
Y1  - 2024/03/20
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
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AB  - Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1, 280 g Ca kg-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.

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Adugna Bayata

Department of Soil and Water Management Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Getachew Mulatu

Department of Soil and Water Management Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Bayata, A., Mulatu, G. (2024). Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 12(2), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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ACS Style

Bayata, A.; Mulatu, G. Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 13-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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AMA Style

Bayata A, Mulatu G. Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review. Am J Chem Eng. 2024;12(2):13-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11,
  author = {Adugna Bayata and Getachew Mulatu},
  title = {Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20241202.11},
  abstract = {Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1, 280 g Ca kg-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review
AU  - Adugna Bayata
AU  - Getachew Mulatu
Y1  - 2024/03/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 13
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20241202.11
AB  - Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1, 280 g Ca kg-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.

VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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